Chromosome segregation Archives - Laboratory Notes

Kinetochore

admin — Tue, 25 Aug 2026 23:04:59 +0000

The kinetochore is a dynamic protein complex assembled on centromeric chromatin that binds spindle microtubules, generates tension and ensures accurate chromosome segregation. Through coordinated interactions with Aurora B kinase and spindle checkpoint signalling, the kinetochore maintains mitotic fidelity and prevents aneuploidy.

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Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

admin — Tue, 25 Aug 2026 22:44:59 +0000

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a mitotic surveillance system that prevents premature anaphase onset by monitoring kinetochore–microtubule attachment and tension. Through coordinated action with Aurora B kinase and the Chromosomal Passenger Complex, the SAC ensures accurate chromosome segregation and protects cells from aneuploidy.

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Mitotic Error Correction

admin — Tue, 25 Aug 2026 22:00:20 +0000

Mitotic error correction is a tension‑sensing mechanism that detects and destabilises incorrect kinetochore–microtubule attachments. Driven by Aurora B kinase and the Chromosomal Passenger Complex, this process ensures accurate chromosome segregation and prevents aneuploidy, making it essential for genomic stability.

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Aurora B

admin — Tue, 25 Aug 2026 20:55:28 +0000

Aurora B kinase is the catalytic core of the Chromosomal Passenger Complex, ensuring accurate chromosome segregation, correcting kinetochore–microtubule attachment errors and coordinating cytokinesis. Its central role in mitotic fidelity and frequent dysregulation in cancer make Aurora B a major therapeutic target.

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Borealin

admin — Tue, 25 Aug 2026 19:38:10 +0000

Borealin (CDCA8) is the structural stabiliser of the Chromosomal Passenger Complex. By anchoring Aurora B, INCENP and Survivin to centromeres and guiding CPC relocation to the spindle midzone, Borealin ensures accurate chromosome segregation and successful cytokinesis.

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INCENP

admin — Tue, 25 Aug 2026 18:15:15 +0000

INCENP is the structural and regulatory scaffold of the Chromosomal Passenger Complex. By activating Aurora B kinase, binding microtubules and directing CPC movement from centromeres to the spindle midzone, INCENP ensures accurate chromosome segregation and successful cytokinesis.

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Chromosomal Passenger Complex

admin — Mon, 24 Aug 2026 08:48:11 +0000

The Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC) is a dynamic mitotic regulator composed of Aurora B, INCENP, Borealin and Survivin. It ensures accurate chromosome segregation, corrects spindle attachment errors and coordinates cytokinesis, making it essential for genomic stability and highly relevant in cancer biology.

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Cdc20

admin — Wed, 19 Aug 2026 11:02:18 +0000

Cdc20 is a key activator of the APC/C complex, initiating the metaphase‑to‑anaphase transition by promoting securin and Cyclin B degradation. Regulated by checkpoint proteins such as Mad2 and BubR1, Cdc20 safeguards chromosome segregation, while its dysregulation contributes to aneuploidy and cancer progression.

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