Protein modification Archives - Laboratory Notes https://www.laboratorynotes.com/tag/protein-modification/ Wed, 02 Sep 2026 08:02:04 +0000 en hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.1.2 Protein Oxidation https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-oxidation/ https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-oxidation/#respond Tue, 01 Sep 2026 07:35:57 +0000 https://www.laboratorynotes.com/?p=30186 Protein oxidation is an important form of protein modification caused by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Explore its mechanisms, oxidized amino acids, carbonylation, structural effects, detection methods, biological significance, and applications.

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]]> https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-oxidation/feed/ 0 Protein Glycation https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-glycation/ https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-glycation/#respond Mon, 31 Aug 2026 10:05:11 +0000 https://www.laboratorynotes.com/?p=30182 Protein glycation is a non-enzymatic modification of proteins caused by sugars and reactive carbonyl compounds. Explore its mechanisms, AGEs, effects on protein structure and function, detection methods, biological significance, and applications.

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]]> https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-glycation/feed/ 0 Protein Sulfation https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-sulfation/ https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-sulfation/#respond Mon, 31 Aug 2026 09:36:18 +0000 https://www.laboratorynotes.com/?p=30139 Protein sulfation is an important modification that regulates protein interactions, cell adhesion, extracellular signaling, immune responses, coagulation, and tissue organization. Explore tyrosine sulfation, glycosaminoglycan sulfation, sulfotransferases, PAPS, and their roles in health and disease.

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]]> https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-sulfation/feed/ 0 Protein Hydroxylation https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-hydroxylation/ https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-hydroxylation/#respond Mon, 31 Aug 2026 09:16:44 +0000 https://www.laboratorynotes.com/?p=30137 Protein hydroxylation is an important post-translational modification that regulates protein structure, stability, folding, molecular interactions, and cellular signaling. Explore proline, lysine, and asparagine hydroxylation, collagen maturation, oxygen sensing, HIF signaling, and disease.

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]]> https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-hydroxylation/feed/ 0 Protein Nitrosylation https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-nitrosylation/ https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-nitrosylation/#respond Mon, 31 Aug 2026 09:03:07 +0000 https://www.laboratorynotes.com/?p=30141 Protein nitrosylation is an important redox-dependent post-translational modification, with S-nitrosylation regulating cysteine residues and influencing protein activity, signaling, metabolism, mitochondrial function, immunity, and disease.

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]]> https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-nitrosylation/feed/ 0 Protein Carbonylation https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-carbonylation/ https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-carbonylation/#respond Mon, 31 Aug 2026 07:02:39 +0000 https://www.laboratorynotes.com/?p=30143 Protein carbonylation is an important oxidative post-translational modification associated with reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, protein damage, aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and disease. Learn how carbonylated proteins form, affect cellular function, and are detected.

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]]> https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-carbonylation/feed/ 0 Protein Pyroglutamate Formation https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-pyroglutamate-formation/ https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-pyroglutamate-formation/#respond Sun, 30 Aug 2026 23:51:57 +0000 https://www.laboratorynotes.com/?p=30177 Protein pyroglutamate formation is an N-terminal post-translational modification that affects protein stability, peptide maturation, degradation, aggregation, and biological activity.

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]]> https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-pyroglutamate-formation/feed/ 0 Protein AMPylation https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-ampylation/ https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-ampylation/#respond Sun, 30 Aug 2026 23:30:50 +0000 https://www.laboratorynotes.com/?p=30173 Protein AMPylation is a dynamic post-translational modification in which AMP is covalently attached to proteins. Discover its mechanisms, enzymes, substrates, biological functions, and importance in cellular regulation and bacterial pathogenesis.

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]]> https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-ampylation/feed/ 0 Protein Deamidation https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-deamidation/ https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-deamidation/#respond Sat, 29 Aug 2026 23:15:40 +0000 https://www.laboratorynotes.com/?p=30151 Protein deamidation is a chemical modification in which asparagine or glutamine residues are converted into acidic amino acids. Learn how deamidation affects protein structure, stability, aging, proteostasis, disease, and therapeutic proteins.

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]]> https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-deamidation/feed/ 0 Protein Citrullination https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-citrullination/ https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-citrullination/#respond Sat, 29 Aug 2026 23:11:33 +0000 https://www.laboratorynotes.com/?p=30149 Protein citrullination is a calcium-dependent post-translational modification that converts arginine into citrulline. Explore PAD enzymes, histone citrullination, NETosis, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmunity, cancer, and citrullination proteomics.

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]]> https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-citrullination/feed/ 0 Protein ADP-Ribosylation https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-adp-ribosylation/ https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-adp-ribosylation/#respond Sat, 29 Aug 2026 22:52:25 +0000 https://www.laboratorynotes.com/?p=30145 Protein ADP-ribosylation is an important post-translational modification that uses NAD+ to regulate proteins and cellular pathways. Explore mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation, PARP enzymes, DNA repair, chromatin regulation, cancer, metabolism, inflammation, and cell death.

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]]> https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-adp-ribosylation/feed/ 0 Protein Glycosylation https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-glycosylation/ https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-glycosylation/#respond Sat, 29 Aug 2026 21:50:51 +0000 https://www.laboratorynotes.com/?p=30133 Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification that regulates protein folding, stability, localization, trafficking, cell recognition, signaling, and immune function. Explore N-linked and O-linked glycosylation, O-GlcNAcylation, glycosyltransferases, glycoproteomics, and disease.

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]]> https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-glycosylation/feed/ 0 Protein Lipidation https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-lipidation/ https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-lipidation/#respond Sat, 29 Aug 2026 21:34:46 +0000 https://www.laboratorynotes.com/?p=30135 Protein lipidation is an important post-translational modification in which lipid groups are attached to proteins to regulate membrane targeting, localization, stability, trafficking, signaling, and protein interactions. Learn about myristoylation, palmitoylation, prenylation, GPI anchoring, and cholesterol modification.

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]]> https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-lipidation/feed/ 0 Protein SUMOylation https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-sumoylation/ https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-sumoylation/#respond Sat, 29 Aug 2026 20:26:55 +0000 https://www.laboratorynotes.com/?p=30128 Protein SUMOylation is an important post-translational modification that regulates protein activity, localization, stability, molecular interactions, gene expression, DNA repair, and cellular stress responses. Learn about SUMO proteins, Ubc9, SUMO ligases, SENPs, SUMO–ubiquitin crosstalk, and SUMO proteomics.

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]]> https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-sumoylation/feed/ 0 Protein Methylation https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-methylation/ https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-methylation/#respond Sat, 29 Aug 2026 20:16:27 +0000 https://www.laboratorynotes.com/?p=30126 Protein methylation is an important post-translational modification that regulates protein function, chromatin structure, gene expression, signaling, and cellular metabolism. Learn about lysine and arginine methylation, methyltransferases, demethylases, histone methylation, methylproteomics, and disease.

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]]> https://www.laboratorynotes.com/protein-methylation/feed/ 0 Post-Translational Modification https://www.laboratorynotes.com/post-translational-modification/ https://www.laboratorynotes.com/post-translational-modification/#respond Sat, 29 Aug 2026 14:36:13 +0000 https://www.laboratorynotes.com/?p=30110 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are biochemical changes that occur during or after protein synthesis and regulate protein structure, activity, stability, localization, interactions, and degradation. This overview introduces the major types of PTMs, their biological functions, mechanisms, role in disease, and methods used to study protein modifications.

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