Category: Lab Notes: Cell Biology

Translation initiation is the first major stage of protein synthesis, bringing together mRNA, ribosomal subunits, initiator tRNA, and initiation factors. Learn how start codons are recognized, how bacterial and eukaryotic initiation differ, and how cells regulate the beginning of protein synthesis.

Cellular homeostasis is the dynamic process that maintains internal stability by regulating ions, metabolism, proteostasis, organelle function and genomic integrity. Through coordinated signalling networks and adaptive stress responses, cells preserve equilibrium and protect themselves from dysfunction and disease.