A gene pool is the complete collection of genes and alleles within a reproducing population. This article explains how gene pools influence genetic diversity, evolution, and a population’s ability to adapt.
Sampling error is the random difference between a sample and the true population it represents. This article explains why sampling error occurs, how it affects biological studies, and its role in evolutionary processes.
An evolutionary trajectory describes the long‑term path a population follows as its genetic composition changes over generations. This article explains how selection, drift, mutation, and environmental pressures shape these trajectories.
A population bottleneck is a sharp reduction in population size that drastically reduces genetic diversity. This article explains how bottlenecks occur, how they drive genetic drift, and why their effects persist for generations.
Genetic drift is the random change in allele frequencies caused by chance events. This article explains how drift works, why it is strongest in small populations, and how bottlenecks and founder effects shape evolution.
