Category: Lab Notes

The pancreas is a vital organ that performs both exocrine and endocrine functions.  Its role in the endocrine system is…

In addition to its vital role in hormone production, the pancreas serves a crucial function as an exocrine gland, contributing…

Islet microencapsulation is a cutting-edge biomedical technique designed to enhance cell-based therapies for diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes.  This approach…

Pancreatic islet transplantation is an advanced cell-based therapy designed to restore insulin production in people with type 1 diabetes.  The…

Astrocytes are sophisticated glial cells that play crucial roles in brain function and homeostasis. Originally viewed as mere support cells,…

Mucosal immunity is a crucial component of the immune system that provides protection at mucosal surfaces, which are the primary…

Clindamycin is a lincosamide antibiotic with a molecular formula of C18H33ClN2O5S and a molecular mass of 424.98 g/mol.  Its structure…

Doxycycline is a second-generation tetracycline antibiotic with a molecular formula of C22H24N2O8 and a molecular mass of 444.44 g/mol.  Its…

Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic with a molecular formula of C37H67NO13 and a molecular mass of 733.93 g/mol. Its structure…

Fusidic acid is a steroidal antibiotic with a molecular formula of C31H48O6 and a molecular mass of 516.72 g/mol. Its…

Lomefloxacin is a third-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic with a molecular formula of C17H19F2N3O3 and a molecular mass of 351.35 g/mol. Its…

Category Th1 cells Th2 cells Remarks Primary Function Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity (antibody production) These represent distinct branches of the…

Blood is a complex fluid containing various types of cells, each with distinct roles in maintaining homeostasis, immunity, and oxygen…

Helper T cells, also known as Th cells or CD4+ T cells, are a subset of T lymphocytes that play…

T cells, or T lymphocytes, are a critical component of the adaptive immune system, playing a central role in cell-mediated…