Genes are fundamental units of genetic information that control the production of proteins and functional RNA molecules. Explore gene structure, expression, regulation, inheritance, mutations, genetic variation, disease, evolution, and modern gene-editing technologies.
Translation initiation is the first major stage of protein synthesis, bringing together mRNA, ribosomal subunits, initiator tRNA, and initiation factors. Learn how start codons are recognized, how bacterial and eukaryotic initiation differ, and how cells regulate the beginning of protein synthesis.
