Tag: Cancer

MYC oncoproteins are powerful transcription factors that reprogram gene expression to promote cancer cell growth, proliferation, metabolism and survival. Discover how MYC, MYCN and MYCL contribute to tumor development.

RAS oncoproteins are powerful cancer-driving proteins that act as abnormal molecular switches. Mutations in KRAS, NRAS and HRAS can keep RAS signaling active, promoting cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, invasion and tumor progression.

Oncogenes can arise when proto-oncogenes are activated by mutations, gene amplification, overexpression or chromosomal rearrangements. These changes can produce persistent signaling and cancer-driving oncoproteins.

Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that regulate cell growth, survival and signaling. Genetic alterations can convert them into oncogenes that produce or promote cancer-driving oncoproteins.

Oncoproteins are abnormal or deregulated proteins that promote cancer development by altering cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, signaling, and other cellular processes. This overview introduces major types of oncoproteins and their roles in cancer.

The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) regulates protein turnover and controls cell‑cycle progression, DNA repair, apoptosis and oncogenic signalling. In cancer, UPS components become dysregulated, leading to excessive degradation of tumour suppressors and stabilisation of oncogenic proteins. This imbalance drives tumour growth and makes UPS a powerful therapeutic target.

Cancer is a multifaceted disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. It develops through genetic and epigenetic alterations, environmental exposures, and interactions within the tumour microenvironment. Understanding these processes is essential for improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.