Polycomb-mediated epigenetic memory allows cells to maintain patterns of gene repression through development and cell division. Learn how PRC1, PRC2, H3K27me3, H2AK119ub, and chromatin organization contribute to this dynamic regulatory process.
Polycomb response elements (PREs) are cis-regulatory DNA regions that help recruit and organize Polycomb complexes. Best characterized in Drosophila, PREs provide an important model for understanding Polycomb recruitment, H3K27me3, H2AK119ub, epigenetic memory, and developmental gene repression.
PRC1 complexes use multiple mechanisms to target chromatin, including CBX recognition of H3K27me3, KDM2B recognition of unmethylated CpG-rich DNA, transcription-factor interactions, and other chromatin-associated signals.
Specialized PRC1 complexes such as PRC1.1, PRC1.3, PRC1.5, and PRC1.6 use different PCGF proteins and recruitment mechanisms to regulate H2AK119ub, chromatin organization, gene repression, development, and cellular identity.
KDM2B is an important chromatin regulator and targeting component of PRC1.1. Learn how its CXXC domain recognizes unmethylated CpG-rich DNA and contributes to Polycomb-mediated H2AK119ub, gene repression, development, stem-cell regulation, and epigenetic memory.
Polyhomeotic proteins PHC1, PHC2, and PHC3 are important components of PRC1 that help organize Polycomb-associated chromatin. Learn how PHC proteins contribute to PRC1 structure, H2AK119ub, chromatin architecture, gene repression, development, and epigenetic memory.
RYBP and YAF2 are important components of non-canonical PRC1 complexes. Learn how they interact with RING1 proteins, regulate H2AK119ub, contribute to Polycomb-mediated gene repression, and function in chromatin organization, development, stem cells, and cancer.
CBX proteins are chromobox proteins that help canonical PRC1 recognize H3K27me3-marked chromatin. Learn how CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7, and CBX8 contribute to Polycomb recruitment, H2AK119ub, chromatin organization, development, stem-cell regulation, and gene repression.
PCGF proteins are key components of PRC1 that help determine the composition and function of different Polycomb complexes. Learn how PCGF1–PCGF6 interact with RING1 proteins to regulate H2AK119ub, chromatin, gene repression, development, stem cells, and cancer.
Canonical and non-canonical PRC1 are distinct Polycomb complexes with different subunits and recruitment mechanisms. Learn how they regulate H2AK119ub, chromatin organization, gene repression, development, stem cells, and epigenetic memory.
RING1A and RING1B are key E3 ubiquitin ligases within PRC1 that establish H2AK119ub, an important Polycomb-associated histone modification. Discover how these proteins regulate chromatin, gene repression, development, stem cells, and cellular identity.
EZH2 is the major catalytic methyltransferase component of PRC2 and plays a central role in Polycomb-mediated gene regulation. Learn how EZH2 establishes H3K27 methylation and contributes to development, stem-cell regulation, epigenetic memory, and cancer.
H2AK119ub is a major histone modification associated with PRC1-mediated Polycomb repression. Established primarily by RING1A and RING1B, it contributes to chromatin organization, transcriptional repression, development, stem-cell regulation, and cellular identity.
PRC1 and PRC2 are major Polycomb Repressive Complexes that regulate gene expression through chromatin modification and organization. They play essential roles in development, differentiation, stem-cell biology, cellular identity, and epigenetic gene regulation.
Polycomb-mediated epigenetic memory allows cells to maintain patterns of gene repression through development and cell division. Learn how PRC1, PRC2, H3K27me3, H2AK119ub, and chromatin organization contribute to this dynamic regulatory process.
Polycomb response elements (PREs) are cis-regulatory DNA regions that help recruit and organize Polycomb complexes. Best characterized in Drosophila, PREs provide an important model for understanding Polycomb recruitment, H3K27me3, H2AK119ub, epigenetic memory, and developmental gene repression.
PRC1 complexes use multiple mechanisms to target chromatin, including CBX recognition of H3K27me3, KDM2B recognition of unmethylated CpG-rich DNA, transcription-factor interactions, and other chromatin-associated signals.
Specialized PRC1 complexes such as PRC1.1, PRC1.3, PRC1.5, and PRC1.6 use different PCGF proteins and recruitment mechanisms to regulate H2AK119ub, chromatin organization, gene repression, development, and cellular identity.
KDM2B is an important chromatin regulator and targeting component of PRC1.1. Learn how its CXXC domain recognizes unmethylated CpG-rich DNA and contributes to Polycomb-mediated H2AK119ub, gene repression, development, stem-cell regulation, and epigenetic memory.
Polyhomeotic proteins PHC1, PHC2, and PHC3 are important components of PRC1 that help organize Polycomb-associated chromatin. Learn how PHC proteins contribute to PRC1 structure, H2AK119ub, chromatin architecture, gene repression, development, and epigenetic memory.
RYBP and YAF2 are important components of non-canonical PRC1 complexes. Learn how they interact with RING1 proteins, regulate H2AK119ub, contribute to Polycomb-mediated gene repression, and function in chromatin organization, development, stem cells, and cancer.
CBX proteins are chromobox proteins that help canonical PRC1 recognize H3K27me3-marked chromatin. Learn how CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7, and CBX8 contribute to Polycomb recruitment, H2AK119ub, chromatin organization, development, stem-cell regulation, and gene repression.
PCGF proteins are key components of PRC1 that help determine the composition and function of different Polycomb complexes. Learn how PCGF1–PCGF6 interact with RING1 proteins to regulate H2AK119ub, chromatin, gene repression, development, stem cells, and cancer.
Canonical and non-canonical PRC1 are distinct Polycomb complexes with different subunits and recruitment mechanisms. Learn how they regulate H2AK119ub, chromatin organization, gene repression, development, stem cells, and epigenetic memory.
RING1A and RING1B are key E3 ubiquitin ligases within PRC1 that establish H2AK119ub, an important Polycomb-associated histone modification. Discover how these proteins regulate chromatin, gene repression, development, stem cells, and cellular identity.
EZH2 is the major catalytic methyltransferase component of PRC2 and plays a central role in Polycomb-mediated gene regulation. Learn how EZH2 establishes H3K27 methylation and contributes to development, stem-cell regulation, epigenetic memory, and cancer.
H2AK119ub is a major histone modification associated with PRC1-mediated Polycomb repression. Established primarily by RING1A and RING1B, it contributes to chromatin organization, transcriptional repression, development, stem-cell regulation, and cellular identity.
PRC1 and PRC2 are major Polycomb Repressive Complexes that regulate gene expression through chromatin modification and organization. They play essential roles in development, differentiation, stem-cell biology, cellular identity, and epigenetic gene regulation.
