ERAD is a central ER quality‑control pathway that recognises misfolded proteins, retrotranslocates them to the cytosol, ubiquitinates them and directs them to the proteasome. By preventing proteotoxic accumulation, ERAD preserves ER homeostasis and supports cellular proteostasis.
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a conserved ER stress pathway that detects misfolded proteins and restores proteostasis. Through IRE1, PERK and ATF6 signalling, cells expand folding capacity, reduce protein load and maintain homeostasis under conditions of ER stress.
ERAD is a central ER quality‑control pathway that recognises misfolded proteins, retrotranslocates them to the cytosol, ubiquitinates them and directs them to the proteasome. By preventing proteotoxic accumulation, ERAD preserves ER homeostasis and supports cellular proteostasis.
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a conserved ER stress pathway that detects misfolded proteins and restores proteostasis. Through IRE1, PERK and ATF6 signalling, cells expand folding capacity, reduce protein load and maintain homeostasis under conditions of ER stress.
