Tag: Gene expression

The polypyrimidine tract is a U- and C-rich sequence near the 3′ end of many introns that helps the spliceosome recognize the 3′ splice site. Learn how it works with the branch point, splicing factors, and other RNA signals to regulate RNA splicing and gene expression.

The branch point is a key sequence region within an intron that contains an important adenosine used during the first reaction of RNA splicing. It helps the spliceosome form the intron lariat and accurately remove introns from pre-mRNA.

Cryptic splice sites are normally unused or rarely used splice-like sequences that can become activated when normal splice sites are weakened or when regulatory conditions change. Their activation can alter RNA splicing, mRNA structure, gene expression, and protein production.

Exon skipping is a form of alternative RNA splicing in which one or more exons are excluded from mature mRNA. Learn how splice sites, splicing factors, and regulatory elements control exon inclusion and skipping and how this process affects gene expression and protein diversity.

Splicing enhancers and silencers are regulatory RNA elements that help control which splice sites are used during RNA splicing. By interacting with splicing factors and the spliceosome, they influence exon inclusion, exon skipping, alternative splicing, and gene expression.

Splice sites are RNA sequence signals that guide the spliceosome during intron removal and exon joining. Learn about 5′ and 3′ splice sites, branch points, splicing factors, mutations, and alternative splicing.

Splicing factors are proteins that regulate RNA splicing by influencing splice-site selection and spliceosome activity. Learn how they control alternative splicing, gene expression, development, and disease.

The spliceosome is a complex molecular machine that removes introns and joins exons during RNA splicing. Learn about its components, assembly, function, alternative splicing, gene regulation, mutations, and role in disease.

RNA splicing removes introns from pre-mRNA and joins exons to produce mature RNA. Learn how the spliceosome controls this process and why RNA splicing is essential for gene expression, protein production, and cellular function.

Introns are regions of genes that are transcribed into pre-mRNA but are usually removed during RNA splicing. Learn how introns differ from exons and how they influence gene expression, alternative splicing, and genetic disease.

Exons are regions of genes that remain in mature RNA after introns are removed during RNA splicing. Learn how exons contribute to mRNA, protein production, alternative splicing, genetic variation, and gene expression.

The genetic code is the set of rules that allows cells to translate genetic information in DNA and RNA into proteins. Explore codons, transcription, translation, mutations, gene expression, evolution, biotechnology, and the importance of the genetic code in life science and genetics.

Translation elongation is the central stage of protein synthesis in which ribosomes decode mRNA and repeatedly add amino acids to a growing polypeptide. Learn about tRNA selection, codon recognition, peptide-bond formation, elongation factors, GTP hydrolysis, ribosome translocation, translation fidelity, and co-translational protein folding.

RNA quality control protects cells from defective transcripts produced by errors in transcription, RNA processing, splicing, and translation. Learn how RNA surveillance, nonsense-mediated decay, the RNA exosome, and other degradation pathways maintain RNA integrity and cellular function.

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process that changes RNA sequences after transcription. Explore A-to-I and C-to-U editing, ADAR and APOBEC enzymes, RNA regulation, gene expression, disease, and RNA-based therapeutic applications.