Tag: Programmed cell death

Apoptosis is a controlled form of programmed cell death that removes damaged or unnecessary cells without causing inflammation. Through coordinated activation of extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, apoptosis maintains tissue homeostasis and protects organisms from disease.

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a regulated biological process that eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells through apoptosis, autophagic cell death and regulated necrosis. By maintaining tissue homeostasis and supporting stress adaptation, PCD is essential for development and long‑term organismal health.