- Chemical name: (4S,4aR,5S,5aR,6S,12aS)-4-(Dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide hydrochloride
- Molecular formula: C₂₂H₂₄N₂O₈·HCl
- Appearance: Bright yellow crystalline powder
- Solubility:
- Water: 10–12 mg/mL (pH 2–4)
- DMSO: ~50 mg/mL
- Ethanol: <1 mg/mL
- Stability:
- Light-sensitive (requires amber vials)
- Degrades in alkaline pH (>7) or with divalent cations (Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺)
- Avoid heat (>40°C accelerates degradation)
- Mechanism of Action
- Binds 30S ribosomal subunit at A-site → blocks tRNA attachment
- Bacteriostatic effect (reversible inhibition)
- Broad-spectrum activity against:
- Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus)
- Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Haemophilus influenzae)
- Atypicals (Chlamydia, Rickettsia, Mycoplasma)
