- Cells exposed to hypothermia exhibit several physiological changes, including decreased metabolic rate, reduced enzyme activity, membrane lipid phase transitions, ion pump dysfunction, and cytoskeletal reorganization. The overall impact of hypothermia is influenced by both temperature and duration of exposure.
- Under hypothermic conditions, cellular stress responses involve the expression of cold shock proteins, induction of heat shock proteins, and activation of antioxidant systems to mitigate damage.
- In cases of mild hypothermia, cells initiate protective mechanisms, such as cold-induced protein synthesis, membrane lipid modification, ion channel regulation, and metabolic adjustments. However, prolonged exposure to very low temperatures can lead to cell death.
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