Learn how UniProt evidence and evidence codes help researchers understand the basis and reliability of protein annotations, from experimental evidence to computational inference.
GenBank and RefSeq are important NCBI sequence resources with different purposes. Learn how their records, curation, redundancy, accession numbers, and applications differ.
Explore the history of GenBank through major database releases, from its early sequence records in 1982 to today’s massive collection of nucleotide sequence data.
GenBank, DDBJ, and ENA form the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC). Learn how these databases exchange sequence data and maintain international standards.
GenBank has expanded dramatically with the growth of genome sequencing and high-throughput biology. Explore GenBank statistics, database size, sequence records, nucleotide bases, WGS and TSA data, and historical database growth.
Learn how UniProt Gene Ontology annotations describe protein molecular functions, biological processes, and cellular components and how GO evidence supports protein functional analysis.
Learn how UniProt protein domains and families help researchers understand conserved protein regions, domain architecture, sequence similarity, protein function, and evolutionary relationships.
Learn how UniProt accession numbers identify protein entries and connect protein sequences with annotations, evidence, literature, structures, variants, and other biological databases.
Explore sequence features in UniProt, including signal peptides, transmembrane regions, domains, active sites, binding sites, modification sites, variants, and processed protein regions.
GenBank is a continuously updated nucleotide sequence database. Learn how GenBank data quality, record updates, validation, database releases, and release statistics affect sequence analysis and reproducible research.
GenBank provides nucleotide sequence data that researchers use in comparative genomics to compare genes and genomes, identify conserved sequences, investigate genome evolution, study gene gain and loss, and analyze relationships among organisms.
GenBank supports research across genomics, evolutionary biology, microbiology, and biodiversity by providing publicly available nucleotide sequences for genome comparison, phylogenetics, microbial identification, DNA barcoding, taxonomy, and genetic diversity studies.
GenBank is widely used in bioinformatics and molecular biology for DNA sequence retrieval, sequence identification, gene annotation, comparative genomics, phylogenetic analysis, DNA barcoding, microbiology, and many other biological applications.
BLASTN is a nucleotide sequence similarity-searching tool used to compare DNA and RNA-derived sequences with nucleotide databases. Learn how BLASTN works, how to evaluate matches, and how it is used with GenBank.
BLAST is a widely used bioinformatics tool for finding similarities between DNA, RNA, and protein sequences. Learn how BLAST works, its major programs, applications, and role in sequence analysis.
