Tag: Antiviral signalling

RIG‑I is a cytosolic pattern‑recognition receptor that detects viral RNA and activates innate immunity. Its CARD domains become exposed and ubiquitinated by TRIM25, enabling RIG‑I to bind MAVS and trigger interferon production. Through this pathway, RIG‑I converts viral RNA detection into a strong antiviral response.

MDA5 is a cytosolic receptor that detects long viral double‑stranded RNA and activates MAVS‑dependent interferon signalling. Its ATP‑driven filament formation enables precise recognition of replicating RNA viruses, while LGP2 stabilises MDA5 filaments to ensure accurate antiviral responses.

LGP2 is a regulatory RNA sensor that modulates the activity of RIG‑I and MDA5 rather than directly activating antiviral signalling. By stabilising MDA5 filaments and fine‑tuning RIG‑I responses, LGP2 ensures precise detection of viral RNA and prevents harmful immune overactivation.