Tag: Genome stability

The DNA damage response is a cellular defense system that detects DNA damage, coordinates repair, regulates cell-cycle checkpoints, and protects the stability of the genome.

ATM is a key protein kinase in the DNA damage response. Discover how it detects DNA double-strand breaks, activates signaling pathways, regulates the cell cycle, and helps maintain genome stability.

ATR is a key protein kinase that protects cells from replication stress and DNA damage. Explore how ATR detects single-stranded DNA, stabilizes replication forks, activates CHK1, and maintains genome stability.

Replication stress occurs when DNA replication forks stall or collapse, generating genomic instability and driving tumour evolution. Through ATR–CHK1 signalling, fork protection and homologous recombination repair, cells stabilise damaged forks and prevent catastrophic chromosomal breakage.

BRCA1 is a central tumour‑suppressor protein that regulates homologous recombination, DNA end resection and checkpoint signalling. By coordinating high‑fidelity DNA repair and protecting replication forks, BRCA1 maintains genome stability and prevents oncogenic transformation.

NBS1, also known as nibrin or NBN, is the regulatory subunit of the MRN complex, the master sensor of DNA…

RAD50 is the structural architect of the MRN complex and an essential stabiliser of DNA double‑strand breaks. Through ATP‑dependent conformational changes and zinc‑hook‑mediated DNA tethering, RAD50 coordinates MRE11 and NBS1 to ensure accurate DNA repair and maintain genome stability.

MRE11 is the core nuclease of the MRN complex and a master regulator of DNA double‑strand break repair. By initiating DNA end resection, activating ATM signalling and stabilising damaged chromosomes, MRE11 plays a central role in maintaining genome stability and preventing chromosomal instability.

The MRN complex, composed of MRE11, RAD50 and NBS1, is the primary sensor of DNA double‑strand breaks and a central regulator of genome stability. By activating ATM, initiating homologous recombination and stabilising damaged chromosomes, MRN safeguards cells against genomic instability and disease.

ATM, ATR, DNA-PK, and p53 are key regulators of the DNA damage response. Learn how these pathways detect DNA damage, coordinate repair, control the cell cycle, and protect genome stability.

DNA repair is essential for maintaining genome stability and protecting genetic information. Explore how cells detect, repair, and respond to different types of DNA damage.