With some exceptions, the composition of most solutions used in laboratories is defined in terms of concentration. Concentration is a precise measure of the amount of solute present in a given amount of solution/solvent. For example, 1 mg sugar is dissolved in water to a final volume of 1 ml. In this case, the concentration of sugar in a solution is 1 mg/ml.
It is important to know how much compound is added in a reaction in order to reproduce the experiment. Concentration of solutes in a solution can be expressed in several ways:
- Percentage
- Mass percent (w/w)
- Volume percent (v/v)
- Mass/volume percent (w/v)
- Mass percent (w/w)
- Parts per million (for dilute solution)
- Molarity
- Molality
- Normality (for acid-base chemistry)
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