- Organism: Helicobacter pylori (Formerly known as Campylobacter pylori)
- Organism type: Bacteria
- Discovered by: Warren & Marshall (1983)
- Host:Human
- Ecological niche (in human): Stomach (gastric epithelium/Mucous layer)
- Unique feature: Survival in the harsh acidic conditions (pH < 2) of the stomach
- Infection rate:
- ≈ 50% human population (globally)
- Incident rates vary in different regions of the world
- Pathogenicity: Pathogenic
- Diseases (In host – Human):
- Asymptomatic (most of the infected population)
- Chronic gastritis
- Peptic ulcers
- Gastric cancer (adenocarcinoma)
- Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma
- Transmission mode:
- Exact mode of transmission is not known (Predicted)
- fecal-oral or oral-oral route
- Poor hygiene and crowded conditions
FEATURES
- Gram staining: Gram-negative
- Shape: Spiral-shaped
- Size: ≈ 3 µm long
- Culture environment:Microaerophilic
- ≈ 50% of the world’s population is infected with Helicobacter pylori. Only a minority of the infected population can develop diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer (adenocarcinoma), and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma
- It usually colonizes the human gastric (stomach) epithelium luminal surface
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