- Biosafety Level 1 (BSL-1) is the basic laboratory safety level, suitable for work with agents that pose minimal risk to laboratory personnel and the environment. The organisms handled in BSL-1 facilities are typically non-pathogenic to healthy humans and animals, and they are not known to consistently cause disease.
- Common examples include Escherichia coli K-12, Bacillus subtilis, and other non-hazardous microbes often used in teaching, basic research, and training laboratories. Because these microorganisms pose little or no threat, BSL-1 is considered the entry point into microbiological research and education.
- The facility requirements for a BSL-1 laboratory are simple and less restrictive compared to higher levels. These labs are usually found in educational institutions, teaching facilities, and research environments where microorganisms of minimal hazard are studied. A BSL-1 lab must have easily cleanable work surfaces, a sink for handwashing, and doors that separate the lab from general traffic areas. Ventilation is standard (no special airflow requirements), and windows may be present. Basic laboratory furniture and equipment are sufficient, with no need for specialized containment devices such as biosafety cabinets, unless procedures may generate splashes or aerosols.
- Work practices in a BSL-1 laboratory focus on good microbiological technique rather than specialized containment. Lab personnel must wash their hands after handling microorganisms and before leaving the laboratory, and they should avoid eating, drinking, or applying cosmetics inside the workspace. Wearing a lab coat, gloves, and eye protection is recommended, especially when handling cultures or chemicals. Decontamination of work surfaces after use and safe disposal of laboratory waste (e.g., autoclaving or chemical disinfection) are routine requirements.
- Since the agents handled are not known to cause disease, no special medical surveillance or immunization programs are required for staff. However, laboratory personnel are trained in safe handling practices, emergency procedures for spills, and the importance of minimizing exposure risks. These practices ensure a safe working environment, even for students and entry-level researchers.
