Category: Lab Notes: Chemistry

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a highly polar, aprotic solvent that is widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, and biological sciences due…

Rare-earth element (REE) producers play a critical role in the global supply chain for high-tech products, including electric vehicles, wind…

Rare-earth elements (REEs) are a group of 17 metallic elements that include the 15 lanthanides on the periodic table, plus…

Antineutrinos are the antimatter counterparts of neutrinos, possessing opposite quantum numbers but sharing many fundamental properties like near-zero mass and…

Neutrinos are fundamental particles that belong to the lepton family, known for their extremely small mass and neutral electrical charge….

An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net…

Atomic number is the fundamental property of an element that represents the number of protons in the nucleus of its…

An atom is the fundamental unit of matter that retains the chemical properties of an element. It consists of a…

A molecule is the smallest unit of a chemical compound that retains the chemical properties of that substance. It consists…

An electron is a fundamental subatomic particle carrying a negative electrical charge. It is one of the basic building blocks…

A proton is a stable, positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of all atoms. As one of the…

A neutron is a subatomic particle with no net electric charge that resides in the nucleus of atoms alongside protons….

An aqueous solution is a homogeneous mixture where water serves as the solvent, dissolving various solutes to form a uniform…

A non-aqueous solution is a homogeneous mixture where the solvent is any substance other than water. These solutions are crucial…

Molecular solutes are non-ionic compounds that dissolve in a solvent, typically water, without breaking apart into ions, setting them apart…