Category: Lab Notes: Immunology
Blood Group
A blood group, also known as a blood type, refers to the classification of human blood based on the presence…
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally low level of platelets (thrombocytes) in the blood. Platelets are small,…
ID.Flow Whole Blood Assay
The ID.Flow whole blood assay is a rapid, flow-based diagnostic test designed for the qualitative or quantitative detection of specific…
Immunotoxicology
Immunotoxicology represents a specialized field that investigates the adverse effects of chemical substances, drugs, and environmental factors on the immune…
Immunopharmacology
Immunopharmacology is a dynamic field at the intersection of immunology and pharmacology, focusing on drugs that modulate immune system function…
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)/Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA), also known as the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in humans, is a complex gene system crucial…
Interferon
Interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines that play crucial roles in the immune response, particularly against viral infections. They…
Interleukin
Interleukins (ILs) are a large family of cytokines that play essential roles in the immune system, mediating communication between leukocytes…
T Cell Receptor (TCR)
The T cell receptor (TCR) is a specialized molecular complex found on the surface of T lymphocytes that enables these…
Polyclonal Antibodies Vs Monoclonal Antibodies
Criteria Polyclonal Antibodies Monoclonal Antibodies Remarks Definition A heterogeneous mixture of antibodies produced by multiple B-cell clones Homogeneous antibodies derived…
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is a fundamental cellular process where specialized cells engulf and destroy particles, pathogens, and dead cells. This process is…
Antigen
An antigen is any substance that can trigger an immune response and be specifically recognized by the immune system. These…
Innate Immunity Vs Adaptive Immunity
Criteria Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity Remarks Definition First line of defense with non-specific response Second line of defense with antigen-specific…
Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity refers to exaggerated or inappropriate immune responses that cause tissue damage and disease, rather than protection. Unlike normal immune…
Adaptive Immunity
Adaptive immunity is a highly specific defense system that develops throughout our lifetime in response to exposure to pathogens and…