Category: Lab Notes: Microbiology
Aseptic Techniques
Aseptic techniques are a set of practices and procedures designed to prevent contamination by pathogens or other unwanted microorganisms during…
Asepsis
Asepsis refers to the state of being free from disease-causing microorganisms. In medical and laboratory settings, asepsis is achieved through…
Mesoscale Organization in Bacteria
Despite their small size and apparent simplicity, bacteria exhibit a remarkable degree of mesoscale organization that is essential for their…
Prokaryotic Gene Vs Eukaryotic Gene
Criteria Prokaryotic Gene Eukaryotic Gene Remarks Gene Organization Typically organized in operons (polycistronic); multiple genes under one promoter Mostly monocistronic;…
Bacteria
Bacteria are single-celled prokaryotic microorganisms that represent one of the most diverse and abundant life forms on Earth. These remarkably…
Aerobic Bacteria
Aerobic bacteria are microorganisms that require the presence of oxygen to grow and carry out their metabolic functions. They utilize…
Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are antimicrobial agents that act against a wide variety of bacterial species, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. …
Bactericidal Antibiotics Vs Bacteriostatic Antibiotics
Criteria Bactericidal Antibiotics Bacteriostatic Antibiotics Remarks Definition Kill bacteria directly by targeting vital processes Inhibit bacterial growth and reproduction without…
Antibiotics: Timeline of Key Events
Pre-20th Century Ancient Times: Use of moldy bread and plant extracts in Egypt, Greece, and China to treat infections—primitive antibacterial…
Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Bacteria
Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat that compromises the effective treatment of bacterial infections. Bacteria have evolved various…
Beyond Unicellularity: Multicellular Behaviors in Bacteria
For much of modern biology, bacteria have been viewed as the quintessential unicellular organisms—simple, solitary entities whose lives begin and…
Helicobacter pylori Lineage Comparison: hpAfrica1, hpAfrica2, hpNEAfrica, hpEurope, hpAsia2, hpSahul, hpEastAsia
Criteria hpAfrica1 hpAfrica2 hpNEAfrica hpEurope hpAsia2 hpSahul hpEastAsia Remarks Geographic Origin Central and West Africa Southern Africa Northeastern Africa (e.g.,…
Helicobacter pylori hpAfrica1 Vs hpAfrica2 Vs hpNEAfrica
Criteria hpAfrica1 hpAfrica2 hpNEAfrica Remarks Geographic Origin West and Central Africa Southern Africa Northeastern Africa (Horn of Africa, Egypt, Sudan)…
Helicobacter pylori Lineage hpSahul
The hpSahul strain of Helicobacter pylori is a distinct phylogenetic population of this gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium, identified through multi-locus sequence…
Helicobacter pylori Lineage hpAsia2
The hpAsia2 strain of Helicobacter pylori is a distinct phylogenetic population of this gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium, identified through multi-locus sequence…