- The Hazel Dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) is a small arboreal rodent native to northern Europe and Asia Minor. This endearing creature weighs between 17-20 grams, with a body length of 6-9 cm and a tail almost as long as its body. Its distinctive features include large black eyes, rounded ears, and a thick, furry tail. The dormouse’s coat is typically yellowish-brown or golden on top, with a creamy white underside.
- As an exclusively nocturnal animal, the Hazel Dormouse has adapted perfectly to life in the canopy of deciduous woodlands, particularly those containing hazel, oak, and honeysuckle. Its nimble fingers and prehensile tail enable exceptional climbing ability, allowing it to move gracefully through the branches while foraging. These mammals are remarkable for their ability to traverse extremely thin twigs and even climb down grass stems.
- The species exhibits a fascinating annual cycle, with hibernation playing a crucial role in its survival. Dormice enter hibernation from October to April or May, during which time they create spherical nests close to the ground, often among tree roots or in leaf litter. Their heart rate drops dramatically, and body temperature reduces to near-ambient levels to conserve energy through the winter months.
- Their diet varies seasonally, beginning with flowers and pollen in spring, insects and larvae in early summer, and progressing to berries, nuts (particularly hazelnuts), and fruits in autumn. This dietary adaptation helps them build up crucial fat reserves before hibernation. They are known for their distinctive feeding habit on hazelnuts, leaving characteristic marks that differ from those left by other small mammals.
- Breeding typically occurs once or twice per year, with litters of 4-7 young born between late May and September. The young are born blind and hairless, opening their eyes after about 18 days and becoming independent at around 6-8 weeks. Their nests are intricately woven spherical structures made from stripped honeysuckle bark, leaves, and grass, typically located in dense vegetation or tree hollows.
- Conservation of the Hazel Dormouse has become increasingly important as populations have declined significantly due to habitat fragmentation and changes in woodland management practices. They are protected under European law and serve as an important indicator species for the health of woodland ecosystems. Their presence often indicates well-structured, diverse woodland with good connectivity and appropriate management.
