- Aedes albopictus, commonly known as the Asian tiger mosquito, is an aggressive, day-biting mosquito species originally native to Southeast Asia.
- Over the past few decades, it has become one of the most invasive mosquito species globally, spreading to parts of Europe, the Americas, Africa, and the Pacific through international trade, especially the transport of goods like used tires and ornamental plants. This mosquito is easily recognized by its distinctive black-and-white striped legs and a single white stripe running down the center of its thorax, giving it a striking “tiger-like” appearance.
- Aedes albopictus is a competent vector for a number of viral diseases, including chikungunya, dengue, Zika, and yellow fever. Although Aedes aegypti remains the primary vector for these diseases, Aedes albopictus has proven capable of sustaining outbreaks, particularly in regions where Aedes aegypti is less common. Its ability to adapt to both urban and rural environments, as well as temperate and tropical climates, has contributed to its rapid global spread. The species is particularly adept at breeding in natural and artificial water containers, such as tree holes, flowerpots, rain gutters, and discarded plastics.
- One of the defining characteristics of Aedes albopictus is its ecological plasticity. It is more tolerant of cooler temperatures than Aedes aegypti, allowing it to establish populations in more temperate regions, including parts of southern Europe and the northern United States. Its eggs are resistant to desiccation and can survive dry conditions for several months, which further facilitates its spread and makes eradication efforts more difficult. The mosquito’s aggressive daytime biting behavior and preference for feeding on both humans and animals increase its potential to act as a bridge vector between animal reservoirs and humans.
- From a public health perspective, Aedes albopictus poses a growing challenge. Although it is generally considered a secondary vector, its role in the transmission of arboviruses can become significant, especially in areas where it is the dominant species or during major outbreaks. Control efforts focus on eliminating breeding sites, using larvicides, and promoting the use of personal protective measures such as insect repellents, long clothing, and screened windows. Biological control methods and genetic strategies are also being explored to reduce its population. Due to its adaptability and role in the transmission of multiple diseases, Aedes albopictus is regarded as a significant vector of concern in global mosquito surveillance and control programs.
