- Helicobacter trogontum is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, spiral-shaped bacterium within the Helicobacter genus.
- It was first isolated from the intestines of rats and has been studied for its potential role in gastrointestinal diseases.
- This bacterium is classified as an enterohepatic Helicobacter species (EHS), meaning it primarily colonizes the intestines and hepatobiliary systems of its hosts.
Morphology and Characteristics
- H. trogontum exhibits several defining features typical of the Helicobacter genus.
- The bacterium is fusiform and motile, possessing multiple bipolar flagella that aid in its movement through mucus layers.
- It is Gram-negative, characterized by a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.
- As a microaerophilic organism, H. trogontum thrives in environments with reduced oxygen levels, such as the gastrointestinal tract.
- It is urease-negative, distinguishing it from urease-positive Helicobacter species like H. pylori. Additionally, it produces cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), which may contribute to its pathogenic potential.
Isolation and Host Association
- The initial isolation of H. trogontum occurred during studies of rat intestinal health.
- The bacterium was recovered from the intestines of rats, suggesting a specific ecological relationship with this host species.
- Its presence in rats highlights its potential role in gut microbial dynamics and its relevance to understanding Helicobacter-associated diseases in rodents.
Taxonomy and Nomenclature
- The species name “trogontum” reflects its association with the gastrointestinal tract.
- Genetic and phenotypic analyses confirmed its classification as a distinct species within the Helicobacter genus.
- The type strain of H. trogontum is designated as ATCC 700114, providing a reference for future studies.
Pathogenic Potential and Research Relevance
- H. trogontum has been associated with gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases in experimental models.
- Studies have shown that it can induce typhlocolitis and hepatitis in immunocompromised mice, highlighting its potential as a model organism for studying Helicobacter-associated diseases.
- Its ability to produce cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) further underscores its relevance in research on host-microbe interactions and immune responses.
Public Health and Research Implications
- The discovery of H. trogontum underscores the importance of studying Helicobacter species in laboratory animals.
- While there is no evidence to suggest zoonotic transmission or human health implications, monitoring Helicobacter species in research settings is essential for understanding their ecological roles and potential risks.
- Research into H. trogontum may provide insights into the broader Helicobacter genus and its role in host-microbe interactions.
