- Natural cryopreservation is a fascinating biological phenomenon where organisms survive freezing temperatures through evolved adaptations. Some remarkable examples include:
- Microscopic water bears (tardigrades) that can withstand temperatures from near absolute zero to well above boiling point.
- The arctic woolly bear moth caterpillar spends months frozen during winter (read more: Gynaephora groenlandica (Arctic Woolly Bear Moth)), while the Alaskan Upis beetle produces special proteins to survive temperatures as low as -60°C.
- The wood frog demonstrates one of the most impressive adaptations among vertebrates, producing glucose and urea as natural antifreeze to survive being frozen solid.
- Similarly, painted turtle hatchlings can control ice formation in their bodies during winter freezing.
- The gall fly larvae (Eurosta solidaginis) showcases another remarkable adaptation – it can survive temperatures down to -40°C by removing water from its cells and producing alcohols like glycerol and sorbitol as antifreeze compounds.
- A remarkable human case occurred in 1980 when Jean Hilliard survived being frozen at -30°C for several hours, though this was an extraordinary circumstance rather than an adaptation.
- In the plant kingdom, arctic species have evolved various mechanisms to endure freezing conditions. The viability of ancient frozen life is demonstrated by the successful germination of a 10,000-year-old Arctic Lupine seed and the regeneration of a 32,000-year-old Siberian flower (Silene stenophylla) from permafrost samples.
- Perhaps most resilient are the extremophiles found in Antarctic lakes, which remain metabolically active in subzero conditions and can survive for thousands of years while frozen.
- These natural cryopreservation abilities not only showcase the remarkable adaptability of life but also provide valuable insights for scientific research in fields like cryobiology and medical preservation techniques.
