- Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a species of Gram-positive cocci belonging to the Staphylococcus genus. Like other staphylococci, it is catalase-positive and appears in grape-like clusters under the microscope. It is a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), which differentiates it from the more virulent Staphylococcus aureus. S. saprophyticus is non-motile, non-spore-forming, and can grow in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
- This bacterium is part of the normal flora of the genitourinary tract and the gastrointestinal tract. It is most commonly known for causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially in sexually active young women. In fact, it is the second most common cause of community-acquired UTIs, after Escherichia coli. Unlike many other CoNS, S. saprophyticus is considered a true pathogen when isolated from urine samples in symptomatic patients.
- S. saprophyticus has unique features that help it colonize the urinary tract. It is resistant to the high salt concentration and acidity found in urine. It also has the ability to adhere to uroepithelial cells, which helps it establish infection. Common symptoms of UTIs caused by S. saprophyticus include painful urination (dysuria), frequent urination, lower abdominal pain, and sometimes hematuria (blood in urine).
- Infections caused by S. saprophyticus are usually less severe and do not typically lead to systemic complications like sepsis or pyelonephritis. The bacterium is usually sensitive to commonly used antibiotics, such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin, and some beta-lactams. However, antibiotic resistance can still occur, so proper diagnosis and susceptibility testing are important.
- In summary, Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species that plays a significant role in causing UTIs, particularly in young women. While it is not typically dangerous, it can cause discomfort and requires appropriate antibiotic treatment.
