When cells are exposed to hypothermia (chilling to non-freezing temperatures), they undergo several structural and physiological changes. Prolonged exposure to hypothermia can ultimately lead to cell death. Key changes relevant to preservation at low temperatures include:
- Metabolic Rate: Lower temperatures significantly slow down cellular metabolism and oxygen consumption, resulting in reduced energy requirements.
- Membrane Stability:Â As temperatures drop, the fluidity and permeability of cell membranes decrease, which can affect the transport of substances.
- Osmotic Stress: Changes in temperature can disrupt osmotic balance, leading to rapid loss or gain of water in cells. This can result in dehydration or cellular swelling.
- pH Changes: Hypothermia can alter the pH of the cellular environment, potentially affecting enzyme activity and overall cellular function.
