- Calcium iodate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(IO₃)₂·H₂O (in its monohydrate form), or Ca(IO₃)₂ in anhydrous form.
- It is a white, crystalline powder that is odorless, sparingly soluble in water, and stable under normal conditions. Calcium iodate contains both calcium and iodine in the form of iodate (IO₃⁻) ions and is primarily used as a source of iodine in various nutritional and industrial applications.
- One of the most important uses of calcium iodate is in iodine supplementation, particularly in the fortification of salt to prevent iodine deficiency disorders. Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and development. In regions where iodine deficiency is endemic, it can lead to goiter, hypothyroidism, and developmental issues such as cretinism. Calcium iodate is used as an alternative to potassium iodide or potassium iodate in the iodization of salt, especially in tropical or humid environments, because it is more stable and less prone to degradation under heat and moisture.
- In animal nutrition, calcium iodate is used as a feed additive to ensure adequate iodine levels in livestock, poultry, and aquaculture. Adequate iodine intake in animals is critical for growth, reproduction, and metabolic function, and helps prevent conditions such as goiter and poor weight gain. Its stability and relatively low toxicity make calcium iodate a reliable and safe iodine supplement in animal feeds.
- From a chemical standpoint, calcium iodate is an oxidizing agent, meaning it can release oxygen in chemical reactions. This property can be utilized in certain analytical procedures or in disinfection applications. However, its oxidizing nature also requires it to be handled with care, particularly when in contact with combustible materials or reducing agents.
- In the pharmaceutical industry, calcium iodate may be found in some multivitamin or mineral formulations that are designed to provide both calcium and iodine, especially in populations with increased nutritional demands. Although it is less commonly used for this purpose than potassium iodide, its dual contribution of essential nutrients offers a unique advantage in specific formulations.
- In terms of safety, calcium iodate is generally considered non-toxic at appropriate levels of use. However, like all iodine compounds, excessive intake can lead to iodine toxicity, with symptoms including metallic taste, salivary gland swelling, skin eruptions, and thyroid dysfunction. Therefore, its inclusion in foods, supplements, and animal feeds is carefully regulated to ensure safe levels of iodine consumption.
