Category: Lab Notes: Cell Biology
Antioxidant
Antioxidants are a diverse group of molecules that play a crucial role in protecting biological systems from oxidative stress by…
Nanoscale Analysis of Inter-Organelle Interactions
The study of inter-organelle interactions at the nanoscale has become a critical area of modern cell biology, as organelles are…
Inter-Organelle Communication: Coordinating Cellular Function and Homeostasis
Eukaryotic cells are highly compartmentalized, with each organelle specialized for distinct functions such as energy metabolism, protein synthesis, lipid trafficking,…
COP1 Subcellular Localization in Mammalian Cells
In mammalian cells, COP1 is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, but unlike in plants, its regulation is primarily linked to growth…
COP1 Subcellular Localization in Plant Cells
In plants, COP1 exhibits a dynamic subcellular localization that is tightly controlled by light conditions, making it a central regulator…
COP1 Subcellular Localization
COP1 is an evolutionarily conserved E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a central role in light signaling in plants and in…
Post-Translational Modifications in Proteolysis
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) in proteolysis represent a crucial layer of regulation in protein quality control and turnover, linking chemical modifications…
Ubiquitin–Proteasome System
The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is the primary pathway for targeted protein degradation in eukaryotic cells, ensuring that damaged, misfolded, or…
Microtubule Organizing Center
The Microtubule Organizing Center (MTOC) is a specialized cellular structure that serves as the primary site for microtubule nucleation and…
CRM1-Mediated Nuclear Export
CRM1, also known as exportin 1 or XPO1, is a key nuclear export receptor that mediates the transport of a…
Cell Immortalization
Cell immortalization is a biological process where normal cells, which typically have a limited lifespan, are transformed into cells that…
HeLa Cells and the Development of the Polio Vaccine
HeLa cells, derived from the cervical cancer of Henrietta Lacks in 1951 without her consent, have played a pivotal role…
Cell Immortalization – Timeline of Key Events
Cell immortalization is defined as the process by which cells acquire the capacity to proliferate indefinitely, overcoming the normal replicative…
Advantages and Limitations of Immortalized Cell Lines
Immortalized cell lines are powerful tools for research due to their scalability, ease of use, and reproducibility, but their artificial…
Nucleolar Organizer Region
The nucleolar organizer region (NOR) is a chromosomal locus that plays a central role in the formation of the nucleolus…