Category: Lab Notes: Cell Signaling
NF-κB Pathway
The NF-κB (Nuclear Factor kappa B) pathway is a key mediator of inflammatory and immune responses, as well as cell…
G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Signaling
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling represents one of the largest and most versatile signaling systems in eukaryotic cells. These receptors…
JAK-STAT Pathway
The JAK-STAT pathway provides a direct route for transmitting signals from cell surface receptors to the nucleus. When cytokines or…
Cell Signaling
Cell signaling is a sophisticated system of communication that governs basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions. This intricate network…
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs)
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are cell surface receptors that play fundamental roles in cellular signaling. These transmembrane proteins regulate crucial…
Tyrosine Kinases (TKs)
Tyrosine kinases (TKs) are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of phosphate groups from ATP to tyrosine residues on proteins. They…
Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (NRTKs)
Non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs) are cytoplasmic enzymes that play crucial roles in intracellular signaling. Unlike receptor tyrosine kinases, NRTKs lack…
Src Family Kinases (SFKs)
Src family kinases (SFKs) are non-receptor tyrosine kinases that play central roles in various cellular processes. The family includes nine…
Janus Kinases (JAKs)
Janus kinases (JAKs) are non-receptor tyrosine kinases that play essential roles in cytokine signaling and cellular regulation. The JAK family…