- Helicobacter zalophi is a Gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium belonging to the genus Helicobacter, first identified in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus).
- This species was discovered during investigations into gastric infections in marine mammals and has since been recognized as a host-adapted pathogen in pinnipeds.
- Like other Helicobacter species, H. zalophi colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the stomach, where it has been associated with chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers in its marine hosts.
- The bacterium shares morphological and genetic similarities with other enterohepatic Helicobacter species (e.g., H. hepaticus), but it exhibits unique molecular markers that distinguish it from terrestrial Helicobacter strains.
- Studies suggest that H. zalophi may play a role in inflammatory gastric diseases in sea lions, though its full pathogenic mechanisms remain under investigation. Its presence highlights the diversity of Helicobacter species across different ecosystems, including marine environments.
- H. zalophi is not currently known to infect humans, but its discovery underscores the importance of studying wildlife-associated Helicobacter species to understand their zoonotic potential and ecological impact.
- Research on this bacterium contributes to broader insights into host-microbe coevolution and the adaptation of Helicobacter to marine mammals.
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