- Iron pyrite, commonly known as “fool’s gold,” has earned its nickname from deceiving countless prospectors throughout history with its striking resemblance to precious gold. This mineral’s brassy yellow color and metallic luster have led to many disappointed hopes, though its own unique properties make it a fascinating mineral in its own right.
- Chemically composed of iron disulfide (FeS2), pyrite forms in perfect cubic crystals or in masses within various rock types. Unlike gold’s soft, malleable nature, pyrite is relatively hard and brittle, ranking 6-6.5 on the Mohs hardness scale. When struck against steel, it can create sparks, which led to its historical use in early firearms and gave rise to the term “pyrite” from the Greek word for fire.
- While pyrite may have disappointed gold seekers, it has served valuable industrial purposes throughout history. The mineral has been mined as a source of sulfur for sulfuric acid production, particularly during World War II when other sulfur sources were scarce. Today, pyrite is primarily collected for its ornamental value, appreciated by mineral enthusiasts for its perfect cubic crystals and brilliant metallic shine.
- In nature, pyrite often forms under high-temperature conditions or in oxygen-poor environments like deep marine sediments. It can be found in almost any rock type, from sedimentary beds to metamorphic rocks and hydrothermal veins. When exposed to air and water, pyrite can oxidize, forming rusty brown iron oxides and sulfuric acid, a process that can contribute to acid mine drainage in mining areas.
