- Proliferating mammalian cells undergo drastic morphological changes. A well-spread adherent cell suddenly loses its contact from the surroundings, rounds up, and then divides into two identical daughter cells. The entire phase of cells rounding up and then dividing is called the M phase.
- The period outside of the M phase is referred to as interphase, during which the dividing cells grow, replicate their DNA, and prepare for the next round of division.
- M phase is the actual cell division phase, resulting in the generation of two daughter cells, while interphase is the phase of duplicating genomic DNA and preparing other necessary components for cell division.
- M phase comprises two stages: mitosis and cytokinesis. During mitosis, chromosomes are segregated into two opposite poles (karyokinesis) with the help of microtubule-based mitotic spindles, while cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm facilitated by an actin-based contractile ring.
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