- Magnesium citrate is a magnesium salt of citric acid with the chemical formula Mg₃(C₆H₅O₇)₂. It appears as a white, odorless, crystalline powder that is highly water-soluble and commonly used as a dietary supplement, laxative, and pharmaceutical agent. Among the various forms of magnesium supplements, magnesium citrate is particularly favored for its high bioavailability, meaning it is readily absorbed by the body when taken orally.
- As a supplement, magnesium citrate is widely used to help maintain normal nerve and muscle function, regulate blood pressure, support bone health, and aid in energy production. Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions in the human body. The citrate component enhances the solubility of magnesium in water and gastrointestinal fluids, improving its absorption compared to other magnesium salts like magnesium oxide. Because of this, magnesium citrate is often recommended for individuals with magnesium deficiencies or increased magnesium needs due to stress, poor diet, or certain medical conditions.
- In medicine, magnesium citrate is commonly used as an osmotic laxative. When taken in higher doses, it draws water into the intestines, which softens stool and stimulates bowel movements. It is frequently used for bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopy procedures or surgery, offering a relatively fast and effective method for clearing the colon. This use typically involves a liquid formulation of magnesium citrate, often flavored to improve palatability.
- Magnesium citrate is also used in antacid formulations to relieve symptoms of indigestion, heartburn, or acid reflux, as it can neutralize excess stomach acid. Additionally, it is sometimes included in combination mineral supplements or effervescent health drinks aimed at promoting relaxation or improving sleep, due to magnesium’s role in modulating neurotransmitters like GABA.
- From a safety and tolerability standpoint, magnesium citrate is generally well tolerated when taken at recommended doses. However, excessive intake can lead to diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and electrolyte imbalances, especially in individuals with kidney problems or those who use it as a laxative frequently. Overuse may also cause hypermagnesemia (high levels of magnesium in the blood), a rare but potentially serious condition that can impair heart and neuromuscular function.
- In the food and pharmaceutical industries, magnesium citrate is used not only for its nutritional and therapeutic effects but also as a stabilizer and acidity regulator in certain processed foods and beverages. It is recognized as safe by food and health authorities when used appropriately, and is often labeled as E345 in food additives.
