- Salmonella bongori is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium within the Salmonella genus.
- It is one of the two recognized species of Salmonella, alongside Salmonella enterica.
- Unlike S. enterica, which is commonly associated with warm-blooded animals, S. bongori is primarily found in cold-blooded animals, particularly reptiles.
- Salmonella bongori shares many features typical of the Salmonella genus. It is rod-shaped and motile, possessing flagella that aid in its movement. As a facultative anaerobe, it can survive in both oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor environments. Its ability to thrive in diverse conditions contributes to its ecological adaptability.
- The bacterium was first identified in 1966 from a lizard in Bongor, Chad, which inspired its species name. S. bongori is classically regarded as the Salmonella species of reptiles, although it has also been detected in other animals, such as birds and dogs. In reptiles, infections are generally asymptomatic, while in other hosts, it may cause diarrhea and gastrointestinal disturbances.
- Originally classified as a subspecies of Salmonella enterica, S. bongori gained species status in 2005 following advancements in genetic analysis. It is closely related to Escherichia coli, with both species diverging from a common ancestor approximately 100 million years ago. Comparative genomic studies have revealed differences in pathogenicity islands and virulence factors between S. bongori and S. enterica.
- While S. bongori is less commonly associated with human infections than S. enterica, cases of human salmonellosis caused by S. bongori have been reported, particularly in children. Symptoms typically include diarrhea, fever, and acute enteritis. Its zoonotic potential underscores the importance of monitoring interactions between humans and reptiles.
- The discovery of S. bongori highlights the importance of studying Salmonella species in diverse ecological contexts. Understanding its biology, host interactions, and pathogenic mechanisms can provide insights into the broader Salmonella genus and its role in zoonotic diseases.
- Salmonella bongori is a unique member of the Salmonella genus, primarily associated with reptiles. Its discovery and classification have contributed to the understanding of Salmonella species diversity and their ecological niches. Ongoing research into its biology and potential implications for public health will enhance knowledge of this bacterium and its significance.
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