- Sodium percarbonate (2Na₂CO₃·3H₂O₂) is a white, crystalline, water-soluble compound that serves as a solid form of hydrogen peroxide. Chemically, it is a peroxygen compound, composed of sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in a crystalline adduct.
- When dissolved in water, sodium percarbonate decomposes into sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide, making it a highly effective and environmentally friendly oxidizing and bleaching agent. This dual-action release makes it especially useful in a variety of household, industrial, and environmental applications.
- One of the most widespread uses of sodium percarbonate is in laundry and cleaning products, where it is marketed as an “oxygen bleach.” Unlike chlorine-based bleaches, sodium percarbonate provides gentle but powerful stain removal and whitening without releasing harmful byproducts. Upon dissolution, the hydrogen peroxide it releases breaks down into water and oxygen, making it safe for fabrics, septic systems, and the environment. It is commonly found in stain removers, color-safe bleaches, and all-purpose cleaners, often under “green” or eco-friendly product labels.
- In addition to its cleaning power, sodium percarbonate serves an important function in disinfection and sanitation. The hydrogen peroxide released upon dissolution acts as a biocide, capable of killing bacteria, viruses, fungi, and algae. This makes it useful in household cleaning, personal hygiene products, and surface disinfectants. In industrial contexts, it is used in food processing, breweries, and dairy operations for cleaning and sanitizing equipment without leaving toxic residues.
- Sodium percarbonate also finds applications in water treatment, where it helps to oxidize organic matter, break down biofilms, and remove odors from water systems. It is effective in cleaning tanks, pipes, fountains, and pools, and can be used to treat wastewater in environmentally conscious systems. Additionally, its application in agriculture includes disinfecting tools and surfaces or treating irrigation systems to prevent microbial buildup.
- In cosmetics and personal care, sodium percarbonate may be used in teeth-whitening products, foot soaks, and exfoliating treatments due to its effervescent action and ability to break down organic stains or debris. However, its use in direct personal care requires careful formulation to avoid irritation from its oxidizing properties.
- From a chemical perspective, sodium percarbonate is stable under dry conditions but should be stored in cool, dry, and airtight containers, as it decomposes upon exposure to moisture, light, or heat. The release of oxygen during decomposition can also make it combustion-supportive, so it must be kept away from flammable substances.
- In terms of safety and environmental impact, sodium percarbonate is generally considered non-toxic, biodegradable, and eco-friendly, especially compared to traditional chlorine bleach. However, concentrated forms can cause eye and skin irritation, and inhalation of dust may be irritating to the respiratory tract. Proper handling, including the use of gloves and protective eyewear, is recommended in concentrated or industrial settings.
