- Zinc acetate is an inorganic salt with the chemical formula Zn(CH₃COO)₂. It commonly exists as a dihydrate, Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O, which appears as a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. This compound is widely used in medicine, nutrition, and chemical industries due to its effectiveness as a source of bioavailable zinc and its mild, acetic acid-based chemical structure, which enhances solubility and tolerability.
- In medicine and nutrition, zinc acetate is frequently used as a dietary supplement to treat or prevent zinc deficiency. Zinc plays a critical role in numerous physiological processes, including immune function, wound healing, DNA synthesis, enzyme activity, and cellular division. Zinc acetate is often chosen over other zinc salts for its high bioavailability and relatively low gastrointestinal irritation, making it suitable for long-term supplementation. It is commonly included in tablet or capsule form and is also used in parenteral nutrition for hospitalized patients.
- Zinc acetate has a particularly important role in the treatment of Wilson’s disease, a rare genetic disorder characterized by the accumulation of copper in the body. In this context, zinc acetate acts as a chelating agent by inducing the production of metallothionein in the intestinal lining, which binds dietary copper and prevents its absorption into the bloodstream. This allows excess copper to be safely eliminated, helping to manage the disease and prevent damage to the liver and nervous system.
- Another common use of zinc acetate is in lozenges formulated to reduce the duration and severity of the common cold. Some studies suggest that zinc ions, when delivered through lozenges such as those made with zinc acetate, may interfere with the replication of cold viruses and modulate the immune response. Although evidence is still debated, zinc acetate lozenges remain popular in over-the-counter cold remedies due to their perceived benefits and generally mild side effects.
- In industrial and laboratory applications, zinc acetate is used as a precursor in the synthesis of other zinc compounds, in chemical analysis, and in the manufacture of polymers, textiles, and ceramics. It can also serve as a catalyst in some organic reactions and as a component in coatings and adhesives. Its solubility and reactivity make it a versatile chemical in research and manufacturing environments.
- From a safety perspective, zinc acetate is generally safe when used within recommended limits. Like other zinc salts, excessive consumption can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, and, with prolonged high doses, interference with copper metabolism. It should be stored in a cool, dry place and handled with care to avoid inhalation or prolonged skin contact in industrial settings.
