- Zinc citrate is a zinc salt of citric acid, with the chemical formula typically represented as Zn₃(C₆H₅O₇)₂. It appears as a white, odorless powder that is slightly soluble in water and has a mild taste. This compound is most commonly used as a dietary supplement and in oral care products due to its good bioavailability and relatively gentle effect on the digestive system compared to some other zinc salts.
- As a nutritional supplement, zinc citrate is taken to support a wide range of physiological functions. Zinc is a crucial trace element involved in immune defense, enzymatic reactions, protein synthesis, wound healing, DNA formation, and normal cell division. Zinc citrate provides an easily absorbed form of zinc, making it effective in preventing or treating zinc deficiency. It is often found in multivitamins, mineral tablets, and standalone zinc supplements. Compared to zinc oxide or zinc sulfate, zinc citrate offers a balance of high absorption and low gastrointestinal side effects, making it a favorable option for routine supplementation.
- Zinc citrate is also widely used in oral hygiene products, including toothpastes and mouthwashes, due to its antimicrobial and plaque-inhibiting properties. It helps reduce the buildup of dental plaque, control oral bacteria, and combat bad breath. When included in toothpaste formulations, zinc citrate can contribute to better overall gum health by reducing inflammation and the risk of gingivitis.
- Though zinc citrate is less reactive than some other zinc compounds, it is still used in pharmaceutical and food applications as a source of dietary zinc. It is often selected when a product requires a non-irritating, bioavailable zinc compound with a neutral or pleasant taste profile. Zinc citrate does not typically find use in industrial applications such as metal treatment or catalysis, where other zinc salts like zinc sulfate or zinc oxide are preferred.
- Safety-wise, zinc citrate is generally considered safe when used appropriately. As with all zinc supplements, excessive intake can lead to adverse effects such as nausea, stomach cramps, headaches, and long-term imbalances in copper absorption. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for zinc varies by age and gender, but the tolerable upper intake level for adults is typically around 40 mg per day. It is important to stay within these guidelines to avoid zinc toxicity.
