- Cefoxitin is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a molecular formula of C16H17N3O7S2 and a molecular mass of 427.45 g/mol.
- Its structure contains the characteristic β-lactam ring fused to a dihydrothiazine ring, with a methoxy group at the 7-alpha position that provides enhanced stability against β-lactamase enzymes. This unique structural modification differentiates it from other cephalosporins and classifies it specifically as a cephamycin.
- The antibiotic exerts its bactericidal action by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), thereby interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis. This mechanism inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking, leading to cell lysis.
- The presence of the methoxy group provides exceptional stability against many β-lactamases, including those produced by anaerobic bacteria, making it particularly effective against β-lactamase-producing organisms.
- Cefoxitin demonstrates broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with notable coverage of anaerobic organisms. It shows particular effectiveness against many Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis, and other anaerobes.
- The pharmacokinetic profile includes rapid distribution following intravenous administration, minimal protein binding, and predominantly renal excretion.
- The antibiotic has a relatively short half-life of approximately 40-60 minutes, necessitating frequent dosing when used therapeutically.
- Its inability to cross the blood-brain barrier in significant amounts limits its use in central nervous system infections, but its excellent tissue penetration makes it valuable for intra-abdominal and gynecological infections.
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