- Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus is a gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that belongs to the Lactobacillaceae family. It is widely recognized for its probiotic properties and ability to support gastrointestinal, immune, and metabolic health. Formerly classified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus, this species has been extensively studied for its beneficial effects in both clinical and nutritional applications.
- One of the most well-known strains of L. rhamnosus is Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), which has been extensively researched for its ability to enhance gut health and prevent infections. L. rhamnosus strains exhibit strong adhesion properties to intestinal epithelial cells, allowing them to colonize the gut and exert prolonged beneficial effects. This adhesion capability enhances gut barrier integrity, modulates immune responses, and helps prevent pathogenic bacteria from adhering to intestinal surfaces.
- L. rhamnosus has demonstrated significant efficacy in the prevention and management of gastrointestinal disorders. Clinical studies have shown that it is effective in reducing the duration and severity of acute infectious diarrhea, particularly in children. It has also been found to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) by restoring gut microbiota balance. Additionally, L. rhamnosus may help alleviate symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by modulating gut inflammation and improving bowel regularity.
- Beyond gut health, L. rhamnosus has shown promise in supporting vaginal and urinary health. It is frequently used as a probiotic for preventing bacterial vaginosis (BV) and urinary tract infections (UTIs). By producing lactic acid and antimicrobial substances, it helps maintain a healthy vaginal microbiota, reducing the risk of infections caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Gardnerella vaginalis and Escherichia coli. Some studies suggest that L. rhamnosus supplementation may lower the recurrence rates of UTIs, particularly when used in combination with other Lactobacillus species.
- L. rhamnosus is also being explored for its potential benefits in immune system modulation. Research suggests that it enhances immune responses by stimulating the production of antibodies and cytokines, thereby improving resistance to infections. Some studies indicate that regular intake of L. rhamnosus may reduce the incidence and severity of respiratory tract infections, especially in children and the elderly.
- Additionally, emerging evidence suggests that L. rhamnosus may play a role in metabolic health. Some studies have linked its consumption to improved glucose metabolism, weight management, and reduced risk of obesity-related complications. It has been hypothesized that L. rhamnosus can influence gut microbiota composition in a way that supports metabolic balance, though further research is needed to confirm these findings.
- L. rhamnosus is generally considered safe for consumption and is widely available in probiotic supplements, fermented dairy products, and functional foods. It is well-tolerated by most individuals, though caution is advised for immunocompromised patients, as rare cases of probiotic-related infections have been reported. Typical doses range from 1 billion to 10 billion colony-forming units (CFU) per day, depending on the specific health condition being targeted.
- Ongoing research continues to explore new applications and potential therapeutic benefits of L. rhamnosus. Advances in probiotic formulations, such as microencapsulation, may enhance its stability and effectiveness, paving the way for broader use in preventive and clinical medicine. With its well-documented health benefits and safety profile, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus remains a key probiotic strain in promoting digestive, immune, and metabolic well-being.
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