Author: admin

Protein pyroglutamate formation is an N-terminal post-translational modification that affects protein stability, peptide maturation, degradation, aggregation, and biological activity.

Protein AMPylation is a dynamic post-translational modification in which AMP is covalently attached to proteins. Discover its mechanisms, enzymes, substrates, biological functions, and importance in cellular regulation and bacterial pathogenesis.

Protein pupylation is a bacterial post-translational modification system that regulates protein degradation and cellular protein homeostasis. Explore its components, mechanism, biological functions, and importance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Protein S-glutathionylation is a reversible cysteine modification that connects glutathione metabolism with redox signaling, oxidative stress responses, protein function, mitochondrial biology and disease.

Protein formylation is a chemical modification involved in bacterial and mitochondrial protein synthesis, protein maturation, innate immunity, inflammation and cellular signaling.

Lysine malonylation is a metabolic post-translational modification that connects malonyl-CoA metabolism with protein function, mitochondrial activity, epigenetic regulation and cellular homeostasis.

Protein lactylation is an emerging post-translational modification that connects lactate metabolism with protein regulation, gene expression, inflammation, cellular signaling and disease.

Protein ubiquitination is a fundamental post-translational modification that regulates protein degradation, cellular signaling, DNA repair, autophagy, protein trafficking and cellular homeostasis.

Protein deamidation is a chemical modification in which asparagine or glutamine residues are converted into acidic amino acids. Learn how deamidation affects protein structure, stability, aging, proteostasis, disease, and therapeutic proteins.

Protein citrullination is a calcium-dependent post-translational modification that converts arginine into citrulline. Explore PAD enzymes, histone citrullination, NETosis, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmunity, cancer, and citrullination proteomics.

Protein ADP-ribosylation is an important post-translational modification that uses NAD+ to regulate proteins and cellular pathways. Explore mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation, PARP enzymes, DNA repair, chromatin regulation, cancer, metabolism, inflammation, and cell death.

Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification that regulates protein folding, stability, localization, trafficking, cell recognition, signaling, and immune function. Explore N-linked and O-linked glycosylation, O-GlcNAcylation, glycosyltransferases, glycoproteomics, and disease.

Protein lipidation is an important post-translational modification in which lipid groups are attached to proteins to regulate membrane targeting, localization, stability, trafficking, signaling, and protein interactions. Learn about myristoylation, palmitoylation, prenylation, GPI anchoring, and cholesterol modification.

Protein SUMOylation is an important post-translational modification that regulates protein activity, localization, stability, molecular interactions, gene expression, DNA repair, and cellular stress responses. Learn about SUMO proteins, Ubc9, SUMO ligases, SENPs, SUMO–ubiquitin crosstalk, and SUMO proteomics.

Protein methylation is an important post-translational modification that regulates protein function, chromatin structure, gene expression, signaling, and cellular metabolism. Learn about lysine and arginine methylation, methyltransferases, demethylases, histone methylation, methylproteomics, and disease.