- The Ruwenzori Sun Squirrel (Heliosciurus ruwenzorii) is a tree squirrel species native to central Africa, particularly found in the Ruwenzori Mountains region spanning Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- This medium-sized squirrel exhibits distinctive physical characteristics, with a body length ranging from 16 to 20 centimeters and a tail of similar length. Its fur is predominantly greyish-brown on the upper parts, with subtle olive tints, while the underparts are typically lighter in color. The tail is bushy and features alternating bands of black and pale buff coloring, serving both as a balance aid during arboreal activities and as a communication tool.
- Heliosciurus ruwenzorii is well-adapted to its montane forest habitat, typically found at elevations between 1,500 and 2,500 meters. Its strong, curved claws and agile body allow it to move efficiently through the forest canopy. The species demonstrates excellent climbing abilities and spends most of its time in trees, rarely descending to the forest floor except when necessary.
- The diet of the Ruwenzori Sun Squirrel consists primarily of plant material, including tree seeds, fruits, and bark. They are known to consume both soft fruits and hard nuts, with their strong incisors allowing them to crack open tough seed casings. Like other sun squirrels, they may occasionally supplement their diet with insects and other small invertebrates.
- These squirrels are diurnal, being most active during daylight hours, particularly in the early morning and late afternoon. They are typically solitary animals, though they may be seen in pairs during breeding season. Their nesting habits involve constructing spherical nests made of leaves and twigs in tree cavities or among dense foliage.
- The conservation status of H. ruwenzorii is of some concern due to habitat loss in its limited range, though detailed population studies are limited. The species faces challenges from deforestation and human encroachment into its mountain forest habitat.
