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Ethylene oxide is a colorless, flammable gas with a sweet, ether-like odor, and it plays a critical role as both…

A humectant is a substance that attracts and retains moisture from the surrounding environment, often by drawing water molecules from…

Low-calorie sweeteners (LCS), also known as non-nutritive sweeteners or artificial sweeteners, are substances used to impart sweetness to foods and…

An anti-foaming agent, also known as a defoamer, is a chemical additive used to prevent or reduce the formation of…

Invert sugar is a mixture of two simple sugars, glucose and fructose, produced by the hydrolysis of sucrose (table sugar). …

Sucralose is a widely used non-caloric artificial sweetener known for its intense sweetness and high stability.  It is approximately 600…

Aspartame is a low-calorie artificial sweetener widely used as a sugar substitute in foods and beverages. Chemically, it is a…

Xylitol is a naturally occurring sugar alcohol (polyol) widely used as a low-calorie sweetener in foods, dental products, and pharmaceuticals….

Stevia is a natural sweetener derived from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana, a plant native to South America, particularly Paraguay…

Neotame is a high-intensity artificial sweetener derived from aspartame, developed by NutraSweet and approved by the FDA in 2002. This…

Saccharin is an artificial sweetener discovered in 1879 by Constantin Fahlberg and Ira Remsen at Johns Hopkins University. It is…

Acesulfame potassium, commonly abbreviated as Ace-K, is a calorie-free artificial sweetener used in a wide range of food, beverage, and…

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a versatile, synthetic, and biocompatible polyether compound widely used across biological, pharmaceutical, chemical, and industrial fields. …

A heterokaryon is a type of cell that contains two or more genetically distinct nuclei sharing a common cytoplasm. This…

Kebnekaise is the highest mountain in Sweden and one of the most prominent features of the Scandinavian mountain range, located…