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Eucalyptus deglupta, commonly known as the rainbow eucalyptus, is one of the most visually stunning tree species in the world,…

Corymbia aparrerinja, commonly known as the ghost gum, is a striking and culturally significant tree species native to central and…

Ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-RP-HPLC) is a powerful analytical technique used to separate and analyze ionic or highly polar…

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the joints.  It occurs when the body’s immune system…

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neuromodulation therapy that involves delivering electrical impulses to the vagus nerve to influence brain…

Bioelectronic medicine is an emerging interdisciplinary field that combines neuroscience, molecular biology, bioengineering, and electronics to develop novel therapeutic devices…

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects cattle. It is…

Chytridiomycota, commonly known as chytrids, are a primitive and diverse phylum of fungi that are primarily aquatic, though some terrestrial…

Quinones are a class of aromatic organic compounds characterized by a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, typically derived from the…

Steroids are a broad class of organic compounds characterized by a core molecular structure composed of four fused carbon rings:…

Oleochemicals are chemicals derived from natural fats and oils—primarily of plant or animal origin—and are used as renewable alternatives to…

Tocopherols are a group of lipid-soluble compounds that collectively constitute vitamin E, an essential micronutrient renowned for its antioxidant properties. …

Glycerophospholipids, also known simply as phospholipids, are a major class of lipids that form the structural foundation of all biological…

Sphingolipids are a class of complex lipids that play critical structural and functional roles in cellular membranes, particularly in eukaryotic…

Carotenoids are a diverse group of naturally occurring pigments synthesized by plants, algae, fungi, and some bacteria. These compounds are…