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Diagnostic Biomarker
Diagnostic biomarkers are measurable biological indicators used to identify the presence of a specific disease or pathological condition in an…
Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases
Inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) of the central nervous system (CNS) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by immune-mediated inflammation…
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare, autoimmune, inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that predominantly…
Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by the…
Neuroinflammation
Neuroinflammation is a complex immune response within the central nervous system (CNS), encompassing the brain and spinal cord, triggered by…
Turacin
Turacin is a unique and rare pigment belonging to the class of porphyrin compounds, which are structurally related to the…
Tannin
Tannins are a diverse group of naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds found abundantly in various parts of plants, including bark, leaves,…
Phycocyanin
Phycocyanin is a vibrant blue pigment-protein complex belonging to the phycobiliprotein family, which plays a crucial role in the photosynthetic…
Turacoverdin
Turacoverdin is a rare and unique green pigment found almost exclusively in the feathers of turacos, a group of colorful,…
Melanin
Melanin is a broad term for a group of natural pigments found widely across the biological world, from bacteria and…
Prodigiosin
Prodigiosin is a striking red-pink pigment belonging to the class of tripyrrole compounds, primarily produced by certain strains of bacteria,…
Echinenone
Echinenone is a naturally occurring red-orange carotenoid pigment belonging to the class of xanthophylls, which are oxygen-containing derivatives of carotenes. …
Scytonemin
Scytonemin is a unique, yellow-brown pigment produced exclusively by cyanobacteria as a protective adaptation to extreme sunlight exposure, particularly ultraviolet…
Betalain
Betalains are a class of water-soluble, nitrogen-containing plant pigments that are distinct from the more widely known carotenoids and flavonoids. …
Phycoerythrin
Phycoerythrin is a brilliant red, water-soluble phycobiliprotein pigment found primarily in red algae (Rhodophyta) and some cyanobacteria. It belongs to…