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Crystallography
Crystallography is a fundamental scientific technique used to determine the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in crystalline materials. This powerful method…
Spectroscope
A spectroscope is an optical instrument designed to analyze the properties of light by dispersing it into its constituent wavelengths,…
Spectroscopic Probes
Spectroscopic probes are specialized molecules or molecular groups that provide detailed information about chemical and physical properties of systems through…
Kynurenine Pathway
The kynurenine pathway is the major metabolic pathway of tryptophan catabolism, accounting for approximately 95% of tryptophan metabolism in mammals….
Mood Disorder
Mood disorders are complex psychiatric conditions characterized by significant disturbances in emotional state, affecting a person’s daily functioning, relationships, and…
Sodium Citrate
Sodium citrate, also known as trisodium citrate, is the sodium salt of citric acid, with the chemical formula Na₃C₆H₅O₇. Structurally,…
Sodium Thiosulfate (Na₂S₂O₃)
Sodium thiosulfate (Na₂S₂O₃) is a colorless, crystalline compound that is highly soluble in water and widely used in both laboratory…
Magnesium (Mg)
Magnesium (Mg) is a lightweight, silvery-white alkaline earth metal with atomic number 12, positioned in Group 2 of the periodic…
Sodium Phosphate
Sodium phosphate refers to a group of inorganic compounds composed of sodium ions and phosphate ions, existing in several forms…
Streptavidin
Streptavidin is a tetrameric biotin-binding protein originally isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces avidinii. It is widely used in molecular biology…
Sugar
Sugars are a class of carbohydrates, scientifically known as saccharides, that are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in…
Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄)
Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is a highly corrosive and dense mineral acid, known for its strong acidic and dehydrating properties. It…
Sodium Carbonate (Na₂CO₃)
Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), commonly known as soda ash or washing soda, is a white, water-soluble inorganic compound with a strongly…
Fungicide
Fungicides are a class of chemical or biological agents specifically designed to inhibit the growth or kill fungi, including pathogenic…
Herbicide
Herbicides are chemical substances specifically formulated to control or eliminate unwanted plants, commonly known as weeds. Weeds can compete aggressively…