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ExpSup: Cyclin D1 Inhibits p21 Gene Transcription
HepG2 cells stably expressing Cyclin D1 show a reduced level of p21 expression (both mRNA and protein) as compared to…
ExpSup: IL6 Induces p21 Transcription in Serum-Starved HepG2 Cell Line
Bienvenu and coworkers showed that stimulation of serum-starved HepG2 cells with IL6 induces p21 expression (Bienvenu et al., 2005). They…
Cyclin D in Cancer
Well-established oncogene Driver of tumors May confer resistance to chemotherapy Cyclin D overexpression, accumulation, and mislocalization have been reported in…
Activation of CDK4/6 in G1 Phase
Cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6 (CDK4/6) play important roles in controlling the G1 phase progression, particularly passing the cells through…
Cyclin-dependent Kinases (CDKs)
As the name suggests, these kinases are dependent on their regulatory subunit “Cyclins” to function as a kinase. Cyclin-dependent kinases…
List of Human Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs)
In humans, 20 Cyclin-Dependent Kinases have been reported. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1) Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 3 (CDK3)…
Cyclin E1
Cyclin E1 is the first identified member of E-type cyclin. The other known member of E-type cyclin is cyclin E2….
List of Cyclin D-CDK4/6 Substrates
Cyclin D-CDK4 and Cyclin D-CDK6 holoenzymes are reported to phosphorylate the following proteins: pRB p107 p130 Smad3 FOXM1 Cdt1
Molecular Events Driving G1 Phase Progression
In contrast to other cell cycle phases, extracellular signaling from growth factors/mitogens is essential for G1 phase progression. These signaling…
RUNX3
Transcription factor Plays an important role in lineage determination Functions as a tumor suppressor Regulator of cell cycle and apoptosis…
Cyclin D
D-type cyclins (or cyclin D)* are active in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Their expression is induced by…
Restriction Point (R)
Growth factor/mitogenic signaling is required for G1 phase progress. Withdrawal of growth factors/mitogens from cell culture can arrest the cells…
G1 phase
The G1 phase begins with the generation of daughter cells following cytokinesis and ends when daughter cells are ready to…
Rb-mediated Suppression of Proliferation
Constitutive expression of cyclin A and E can overcome pRb-mediated suppression of proliferation (Hinds et al., 1992). REFERENCES Hinds et…
List of Kinases that can Phosphorylate Rb
The following kinases can phosphorylate Rb Cyclin D-CDK4 Cyclin D-CDK6 Cyclin E-CDK2 Stress-activated protein kinases of the p38 family