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Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are specialized microorganisms capable of transforming atmospheric nitrogen gas (N₂)—which most living organisms cannot use—into ammonia (NH₃) or…
Carbon Fixation
Carbon fixation is a fundamental biological process by which inorganic carbon (typically in the form of carbon dioxide, CO₂) is…
Nitrogen Fixation
Nitrogen fixation is a vital natural and biochemical process that converts inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N₂) into biologically usable forms…
Food Web
A food web is a complex, interconnected network of feeding relationships that illustrates how energy and nutrients flow through an…
Evapotranspiration
Evapotranspiration is a key component of the water cycle, representing the combined process by which water is transferred from the…
Water Cycle
The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, is a continuous and dynamic natural process through which water circulates…
Oxygen Cycle
The oxygen cycle is a fundamental biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of oxygen within and between the Earth’s atmosphere,…
Nitrogen Cycle
The nitrogen cycle is a complex and essential biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement and transformation of nitrogen through the…
Bacteriophage
Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect and replicate within bacteria. These remarkable entities are the most abundant biological…
Deforestation
Deforestation is the large-scale removal of forests or stands of trees, typically to make way for agricultural activities, urban development,…
Reforestation
Reforestation is the process of replanting trees in areas where forests have been depleted or destroyed, whether by natural causes…
Biosphere
The biosphere is the global ecological system that encompasses all living organisms and their interactions with the lithosphere (land), hydrosphere…
Carbon Cycle
The carbon cycle is a fundamental biogeochemical process that describes the continuous movement of carbon atoms through the Earth’s atmosphere,…
Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton are microscopic, photosynthetic organisms that float freely in the upper layers of oceans, lakes, and other bodies of water….
Biological Pump
The biological pump is a crucial natural process within the Earth’s carbon cycle, responsible for the transport of carbon from…