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Artificial Molecular Pump
An artificial molecular pump is a nanoscale device designed to transport molecules or ions directionally and repetitively across a system—often…
DNA Computer
A DNA computer is a form of computing device that uses DNA molecules—rather than traditional electronic components like silicon chips—to…
M13 Bacteriophage
The M13 bacteriophage is a filamentous virus that specifically infects Escherichia coli bacteria carrying the F plasmid. This remarkable bacteriophage…
DNA Nanorobot
A DNA nanorobot is a nanoscale machine constructed primarily from DNA molecules, designed to perform specific tasks such as sensing,…
DNA Walker
A DNA walker is a type of synthetic, nanoscale molecular machine built from DNA molecules that is capable of autonomously…
Nanostructure
A nanostructure refers to any material or system that has at least one dimension in the nanometer scale, typically between…
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the branch of science and engineering that involves the design, production, and application of materials and devices on…
Molecular Machines: How DNA and Water Are Reshaping Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is undergoing a paradigm shift through the integration of biological molecules—particularly DNA and water—into the design and engineering of…
Fovea Centralis
The fovea centralis, commonly referred to as the fovea, is a small depression located at the center of the macula…
Vitreous Humor
The vitreous humor, also known as the vitreous body, is a clear, gel-like substance that fills the posterior chamber of…
Pupil
The pupil is the central, circular opening in the iris of the eye that controls the amount of light entering…
Aqueous Humor
Aqueous humor is a clear, watery fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye—the spaces between the…
Sclera
The sclera is the tough, opaque, fibrous outer layer of the eye commonly referred to as the “white of the…
Extraocular Muscles
The extraocular muscles are a group of six skeletal muscles that control the precise and coordinated movements of the eyeball,…
Macula Lutea
The macula lutea, commonly referred to simply as the macula, is a small, yellowish region located near the center of…